Summary American Public University System - 1041 Words

ANTH100 Take Home Final Exam Jon W. Wilson American Public University System December 26, 2014 ANTH100 Introduction to Anthropology 1. Often in anthropology, the relative importance of gathering in foraging societies is underemphasized. Throughout much of human evolution, meat eating has been based on scavenging, with hunting only emerging much later. In most scavenging societies, gathering is usually the most important activity in terms of the relative amount of nutrition that it supplies to the community and in terms of relative consistency of food provision. For example, in indigenous southern African foraging communities’, foraging activities conducted by women provide 75 per cent of the food that is consumed (Park, 2014:†¦show more content†¦2. The Hutterite organizational structure can be arguably classified as a group of cohesive but separate chiefdoms. The basic social unit of the Hutterite organizational structure is the separate colonies, which are divided regularly when any one unit becomes too big. These colonies are communal organizations that plac e equality and group needs ahead of the needs of the individual. Authority patterns and community structure are determined by the age of sex of individual community members (Park, 2014). Colonies that grow past roughly 130 to 150 people begin to experience social and administrative difficulties, particularly as there is increasing duplication of labor specialties among the populations. At this point, a process called â€Å"branching out† takes place, where a new tract of land is purchased and the colony is divided according to family groups by a minister (Park, 2014: 11). Given that there is no overarching political structure that governs all Hutterites they cannot be classified as having a ‘state’ organization. Instead, each colony is defined by a clear authority structure, composed of the colony, the church, the councils of men which serve as the colony’s executive board, informal councils and the head preacher who provides a liaison with the outside world (Park, 2014). 3. The human language has many fascinating features that have